Improvements to Ethical Corporate Evaluation Assignment

Upgrades to Ethical Corporate Evaluation - Assignment Example I would likewise characterize the gauges of methods that are to be utilized in the corporate consistence program (Hasnas 54). They could extend anyplace from the code of morals to the inside controls for prime hazard regions. A faster reaction to issues that fringe the component of criminal direct ought to be actualized just as initiating impediments so as to forestall equal events. 2. Misrepresentation: this is utilizing singular impact to pull off the property of another person. Fake cases regularly include the trickiness of customers into putting their cash into places where it won't return. 3. Cheating: according to the term, this component includes an individual or organization offering bogus expressions to the proposed customer so as to get them to put their cash in their organizations. Numerous fortune 500 organization authorities are in prison for cheating. 4. Infringement of workers’ rights: this is an issue that has been seen in a greater part of organizations. This happens when the workers in an organization are dealt with unjustifiably in a way that isn't as per the guidelines and guidelines of the organization. 5. Disregarding wellbeing, security, and ecological issues: this is a significant moral issue that must be tended to. These conditions could bring about injury or making disorder at least one of the representatives working in a territory which has not had its wellbeing, security, and ecological issues checked. 6. Work conditions: a portion of the issues influencing work conditions are the work of kid workers. This is a moral issue that goes past the philanthropic section. Utilization of youngster workers id untrustworthy and is deserving of law. 7. Debasement: this is a moral worry that has been continually tended to, yet has neglected to notice the call. Defilement includes the participating in unlawful professional interactions that regularly incorporates the part of pay off to encourage the execution of a business bargain.

Mother as a Role Model free essay sample

Name : Ilia Iryani Binti Rosman THE PERSON WHO HAS THE STRONGEST IMPACT IN MY LIFE†¦ I have chosen my dad as my most grounded sway in my life as an understudy now and in the public arena as my dad has been a good example, passionate, supporterâ to me and has given me an extraordinary spot to live in. I will clarify how he is such a decent effect in my life. My dad has given me passionate help since the very beginning. My dad consistently confided in me because of the reality he has thought me directly from wrong. By him showing me such, I have had the option to settle on better options as a young lady. He has urged me to put forth a valiant effort at all that I do and never surrender and that by me surrendering will show that I’m not sufficient or brilliant enough and my dad has consistently disclosed to me that I could do anything on the off chance that I put my head into it. We will compose a custom exposition test on Mother as a Role Model or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He is likewise the best individual to me when I’m down. He indicated me so much love that it lights up my day regardless of how shady it has been. My dad is a genuine getting individual. He offers me the best guidance I can get and that is the reason I think my dad has given me the best passionate help I can get. My dad has likewise been the best good example for me. He has thought me not to stress over what others may think or state about me, as long as I’m making the best choice. He has given me that being unassuming and pleasant could win more love at that point being loaded up with shallow materials. He likewise trains me to go to bat for what I have faith in regardless of what the case is. He has however me that no mountain is sufficiently high. Those are a couple of reasons why he is a superb good example in my life. Along these lines, hese are a portion of the reasons on how my dad has affected my life and like I said from the passage over that he has had an effect in the public arena as well. This is on the grounds that my dad has likewise instructed me that to be an individual later on, by being a veterinarian, it will give other the expectation and want by saying it ‘I can do it so can you’. The entirety of this has originated from one unique individual who has given me love and backing since the day I was conceived. I Love You Dad! ðÿ˜€

buy custom Poems of George Herbert essay

purchase custom Poems of George Herbert paper George Herbert (1593-1633) is broadly perceived as one of the best English magical artists. He was a priest from Wales and he has got his advanced education at Cambridge. His unmistakable strict sonnets were prominent for its unadulterated and successful selection of words. His style was exceptionally clear and direct with quietness of tone on his stanzas just as exact utilization of language and vanities. His works were significantly impacted by crafted by John Donne who was a Metaphysical artist such as himself. Their sonnets frequently relate on their relationship to God utilizing vanities blended in a reasonably basic and characteristic conversational tone. His writings were carefully deciphered with explanations wealthy in authentic, scholarly, sanctioned data and contemporary basic settings which explain from the sonnets as you attempt to assimilate the fundamental considerations of his sonnets. A portion of his sonnets are deciphered beneath in laymans term for different perus ers to comprehend the progression of his sonnets. Translation of Church Monuments. (Life systems) In the sonnet called Church Monuments, we will have the option to see the lecturing inclination of the writer who is grinding away once more. As he implores as showed in the expression soul fixes to her commitment, the artist envisions himself as his substance is set in the congregation where he is encircled by headstones and remembrances. Through these, George Herbert learns the exercises of his own mortality just as the franticness of keeping the humans in discrete tombs. The most huge exercise which one can gain from this sonnet is certainly enhanced in the glorious last refrain in which keeps an eye on mortality isn't the main thing that will die yet in addition the truth that time will likewise die inevitably. The expression the residue on the landmarks and the residue they spread suggests to the writer's picture of the tissue as a kind of hourglass loaded up with dust which will decide the range of keeps an eye on life. This is the picture that proposes the curtness of life. This must be instilled in the brain particularly during when the body is stimulated by raucous interests. Right now, George Herbert tells his substance that it should realize that the tissue is just yet glass that holds the residue and thusly quantifies constantly. It will likewise be disintegrated into dust in the long run. Such natural message is portrayed in a capturing picture alongside logically mounting power as the sentence structure constrains the continuation of the lines. The pitch of the lines will fortify the estimating of the lives. The interment of the tissue which is found in the initial lines to be subjected to the dedications of the spirit will end up being the beginning stage for the procedure of the commitments. Translation of the sonnet The Collar. (Life structures) In The Collar, you will likely observe the best treatment of the subject with respect to accommodation to the Divine will. This is absolutely one of the most praised verses of the writer. For some other time, the type of the sonnet intently mirrors the contention. The sonnet starts with a record of a maddened upheaval of resistance by the artist which states I struck the board, and cryd, No more. I will abroad. What follows next is the expression of spleen, for example, the attestation of opportunity and the grumbling of complaints against the life of dedication wherein the artist needs to break. This will bring about a bombastic test to the assumed bleak reality and the bashfulness of life which the artist revokes. As the artist talks ambiguously with savagery and ferocity at each word, he hears the voice of God calling him and in a moment he knows his place and recognizes the authority of God. The sonnet has a versifying meter, yet, the lines are of various length and there are no divisions into refrains. The undeniable irregularity of the structure will fill two needs. One of which is the embellishment of the conversational tone and the other is the suggestion with respect to the indiscipline of the defiant soul which can be both the reason and the result of the resistance. Then again, the contention is warmed and energetic however is unconvincing. As the sonnet goes on, the peruser will have the feeling that thinking was not planned and considered however rather, was hasty and spoken in heat. It had all the earmarks of being a proud posing even preceding the finish of the sonnet. The specialized element which most represents the self-attestation is the repetitive inquiry in which the appropriate response should act naturally clear and steady of the more prominent contention in which it will show up. As the writer knows about where his sonnet will end, he presumably have utilized the non-serious inquiry amusingly with a feeling of ludicrousness most particularly when it was utilized with unsurprising recurrence of around multiple times in not in excess of eight short lines. Translation of the sonnet Man. (Cosmology) This sonnet utilizes the conventional viewpoints of Christianity while looking at the connection between mankind, the normal world and God who made the initial two. What is mankind? This topic is extremely basic to a great deal of essayists and masterminds. The normal thinking about the writer draws on the Bible. For example, in Psalms, it declares that mankind was made to be a little lower than the heavenly attendants and purview over the earth was given. This thus will mirror the creation account found in the book of Genesis. A few sections from Psalms and Genesis must be perused first before you study this sonnet top to bottom. Man is halfway a reflection and mostly a festival of individuals. The artist utilizes focal vanity so as to show that each person might be viewed as a microcosm of the more extensive world alongside the equivalent significant highlights. The second arrangement of four verses gives a portrayal of how the world was made for the people. This will by one way or another test the cutting edge logical reasoning which sees the powers of nature to act unoriginally and autonomously. George Herbert considers the to be as being made to serve mankind. The creative mind of the writer has all the earmarks of being amazingly local. The last verse encourages the perusers to perceive any reason why the assortment of verse by George Herbert was known as The Temple. The artist utilizes the more common analogy of Palace which is related with the dignified residence found in the main refrain of the sonnet. The correct disposition is welcome God once more into what he has made. Since God is as of now staying inside the individuals, they need to live with Him in paradise in the afterlife. Anyway until further notice, both the characteristic world and individuals should serve one another and furthermore Him. Understanding of the sonnet Prayer. (Space science) This sonnet is an outstanding celebratory work comprising of a progression of pictures for supplication which utilizes a method that won't be outdated in the pioneer verse. Each picture might be contemplated as a state of reflection for Christianity. Anyway similarly, the total assortment and the vitality discharged by the symbolism will be appreciated for the good of its own. Obviously, supplication is a typical action for a wide range of religions. In a few, this is endorsed for set time or days and there is likewise a type of normal example in some congregation ritual too. By the by, there is another kind of close to home and progressively unconstrained petition which is empowered in Christian commitment. The suddenness impact of the sonnet will propose that anybody will become accustomed to the second petition as much with regards to the first. By its very nature, petitions will rise above all connections thus the writer utilizes a progression of representations with one on the other with an end goal to conjure something which is accepted to be outside human ability to grasp. A few of the implications of the particular pictures may must be speculated like the smooth way or the fascinating place that is known for flavors and winged animals of Paradise. What makes them really work would be their intriguing quality however not their accurate substance. Whatever it will be, it would be related with spaces or the Milky Way will be applied to supplications. It will be dependent upon the peruser to make the affiliation. In any case, there are different pictures which have progressively exact meaning. For example the expression Gods breath in line two of the sonnet alludes to the section in Genesis wherein God revives Adam. Such breath today returns to God as a type of petition. Another would be the expression Christ-side-piercing lance alludes to thespear that is dove into the side of Christ during his torturous killing. There are additionally a few pictures which need some an opportunity to be turned out, for example, the switched thunder. This demonstrates thunder truly dives from the paradise to earth. On the off chance that you switch this, petitions will climb capably as destroying paradise. It is significant for the peruser to accept that supplication works simply like the writer. Then again, nourishment was utilized as food being sent from paradise and now this returns to the paradise. This sort of opposite procedure is the principle thought to the enormous creative mind of George Herbert. Examination of Easter Wings. (Science) The sonnet Easter Wings was written in a style of verse design known to be the Carmen figuration. This is otherwise called formed stanzas in which the two words and lines are orchestrated on a page so as to make a visual picture or representation of the subject of the sonnet. Regardless of whether the visual picture which configuration represented by the imagination of the creator is noteworthy, still it is the metrical structure used by the artist that will make the supporting establishment for the sonnet. Using molded section, the artist had the option to make a visual picture of wings. These wings which can either be of holy messengers or of feathered creatures give a topical perspective on the human state. What's more, as the writer advances from the main verse to the second, the nature of man will advance from Gods creation just as the blessings liable for the fall of man and the required acknowledgment of Christ. As shutting, the writer alluded wings and the fix as the help of God with the goal that he will have the option to fly

Alcohol and its Effects on the Human Body Research - 825 Words

Alcohol and its Effects on the Human Body Research (Research Paper Sample) Content: Alcohol and its Effects on the Human Body(Name)(Institution)IntroductionWhen the term alcohol is mentioned where people are, there is a high probability that most if not all of the audience have an idea what it is or what it is about. Since time immemorial, alcohol has been a drink in most of the human societies for centuries. According to Smart (2007), alcohol has in the current world become an accepted as well as a common way people use to unwind or manage the pressures of life they are experiencing from their day to day activities. Alcohol has quite a long history of civilization as asserted by Stainback (1997). The inception of alcohol has not been agreed upon by historians, and there is still a debate as to what exact period it was incepted in the history of human beings. He goes ahead and points out that alcohol as a beverage probably may have come to be in existence at around 8,000 B.C and since then people have continued to use and consume it and made it very popular in the process. This report seeks to examine and unravel the issues around the conception of alcohol, how it is made and its composition and the effects it has on the body of human beings who consumed it.In real sense alcohol is a drug, and it is in actual sense the widely used psychoactive drug in almost all the societies in the world. The production of alcohol comes in various forms, for example, liquors, wines, distilled spirits as well as beers. The listed beverages above contain different percentages of pure alcohol in them with beers having the least percentage in the list while distilled spirits were containing the highest percentage of pure alcohol. To those who drink, a standard alcoholic drink contains about .5 oz of pure alcohol. In a research carried out by Stinson et al. (1995), in the United States of America, the annual per capita consumption of alcohol was 2.25 gallons of pure alcohol in the year 1993. Ethanol is the predominant component that is found in alc oholic drinks, and it is a naturally occurring byproduct of the metabolic process that takes place in yeast. In this sense, it means that in any habitat of yeast, ethanol is present. Concerning the initiation of the use of alcohol among the people, it varies from one community to the other. For example, when parents consume alcohol in a family, it will almost definitely make the children of that family drink in future. Another factor that determines whether one will drink is the attitudes of the peer groups especially is one progresses into adolescence.Quite some those who consume alcohol tend to think that it does not pose a threat to their health as Stainback (1997) points out. Smart, on the other hand, asserts that people have the knowledge that there are dangers associated with the drinking of alcohol. The consumption of alcohol has adverse effects on the human body ranging from the brain, heart, liver, pancreas to the immune system of and individual. These effects in most cases come about due to the excessive consumption of health that is not good for the health of those who consume it. Solomon (1982) points out that the direct effects of the use of alcohol concerning emotional as well as physical well-being or in some cases the combination of the two may be a real cause of suicide in the society. Those who consume alcohol in most cases have a manifestation of their intentions to take their lives intentionally through various ways. This concept is referred to as chronic suicide.Cook (2008) suggests that one of the least complications of alcohol consumption that is appreciated in the medical fraternity is the alteration of the immune regulation that consequently results in autoimmunity as well as immunodeficiency. Immunodeficiency on the bad side has negative effects on the body of a human being, for example, the increasing of the susceptibility of tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia as well as other infectious illnesses and infections. There are a...

How Many Animal Species Are There

Everyone wants hard figures, but the fact is that estimating the number of animal species that inhabit our planet is an exercise in educated guesswork. The challenges are numerous. Species counts are biased by our tendency to study certain organisms more than others. Birds, as a group, have been extensively studied, so scientists believe that the estimated number of bird species alive today (between 9,000 to 10,000) is a relatively good approximation of the actual number. On the other hand, nematodes, also known as roundworms, are a little-studied group of invertebrates and consequently, we have little grasp of how diverse they may be. Habitat can make counting animals difficult. Animals that live in the deep sea are not easy to access, so naturalists have less understanding of their diversity. Organisms that inhabit the soil or parasitize other animals are likewise challenging to locate and therefore difficult to quantify. Even terrestrial habitats, like the Amazon rainforest, can present insurmountable obstacles to a species census. Animal size often complicates the detection and counting of species. In many instances, the smaller species are more difficult to find and count. Ambiguities in terminology and scientific classification affect species counts. How do you define a species? Its not always easy, especially when supposed  species are capable of cross-breeding. Additionally, different approaches to classification influence species counts. For example, some models classify birds as reptiles, thus boosting the species count of reptiles by as much as 10,000. Despite these challenges, its desirable to have some idea of how many species inhabit our planet. This gives us the perspective necessary to balance research and conservation objectives, to ensure that less popular groups of animals are not overlooked, and to help us better understand community structure and dynamics. Rough Estimates of Animal Species Numbers The estimated number of animal species  on our planet falls somewhere in the vast range of three to 30 million. How do we come up with that whopping estimate? Lets take a look at the major groups of animals to see how many species fall within the various categories. If we were to divide all the animals on earth into two groups, invertebrates and vertebrates, an estimated 97% of all species would be invertebrates. Invertebrates, animals that lack backbones, include sponges, cnidarians, mollusks, platyhelminths, annelids, arthropods, and insects, among other animals. Of all invertebrates, the insects are by far the most numerous. There are so many insect species, at least 10 million, that scientists have yet to discover them all, let alone name or count them. Vertebrate animals, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals, represent a puny 3% of all living species. The list below provides estimates of the number of species within the various animal groups. Keep in mind that the sub-levels in this list reflect the taxonomic relationships between organisms. This means, for example, that the number of invertebrates species includes all the groups below it in the hierarchy (sponges, cnidarians, etc). Since not all groups are listed below, the number of a parent group is not necessarily the sum of child groups. Animals: estimated 3-30 million species||--Invertebrates: 97% of all known species|  Ã‚  Ã‚  |--Sponges: 10,000 species|  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |--Cnidarians: 8,000-9,000 species|  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |--Mollusks: 100,000 species|  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |--Platyhelminths: 13,000 species|  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |--Nematodes: 20,000 species|  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |--Echinoderms: 6,000 species|  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |--Annelida: 12,000 species|  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |--Arthropods|  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |--Crustaceans: 40,000 species|  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |--Insects: 1-30 million species|  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  |--Arachnids: 75,500 species||--Vertebrates: 3% of all known species|--Reptiles: 7,984 species|--Amphibians: 5,400 species|--Birds: 9,000-10,000 species|--Mammals: 4,475-5,000 species|--Ray-Finned Fishes: 23,500 species Edited by Bob Strauss

Ns325-02 Nutrition Across the Human Life Cycle Essay

Final Project - 1 Unit 9 Final Project April Polasek Nutrition across the Human Life Cycle NS 325-02 Nancy Mears November 21, 2011 Final Project - 1 Unit 9 Final Project I would like to start this paper by stating that I have been on a low calorie diet for the past 3 weeks so if my foods seem like they are similar daily this is the reason why. I usually have a pretty healthy diet because nutrition is very important to me and for my children. I try to make sure that my children eat as healthy as possible and get the physical activity that need on a daily basis. In my assessment through Fitday.com my current diet consist of the foods that I have†¦show more content†¦I was really surprised that there were so many nutrients that I did not meet the recommended dietary allowance. I am unclear on Vitamin B12 because it has my intake at 2.4 mcg and the RDA was 2.4 my percentage was in the red at 99%. I did not meet my Vitamin C recommendations and I was in the red at 97%, I did not meet the recommendations for Vitamin D and I was in the red at 1%. Vitamin E is another area that I was in the red at 29%, Calcium I was in the red at 65%, Copper in the red at 94%, Iron I was in the red at 35%, Magnesium in the red at 60%, Manganese I was in the red at 78%, Potassium I was in the red at 51%, Thiamin I was in the red at 50 %, and Zinc in the red at 89%. The nutrients that I consumed too much in were Vitamin A at 107%, Vitamin B6 at 124%, Niacin at 131%, phosphorus at 128 %, Riboflavin at 132 %, Sodium at 115 %. I know that when I consume too much sodium in my diet my hands get real swollen so it is very easy for me to know the effects of too much sodium. I really try not to cook with very much salt and I never re-salt my food just for the simple fact that I know how bad it can be for your health. I do not know what the effects could be for consuming too much of the other nutrients. On the nutrients that I did not get enough of Calcium and Vitamin D being among the list of many I know that it is because I do not consume

Hegemonic Masculinity in Sociology Text free essay sample

A discussion on how the topic of hegemonic masculinity is presented in three sociology texts. This paper discusses hegemonic masculinity which is defined as masculinity constructed in relation to the various subordinate masculinities as well as in relation to women. The paper shows how this topic is demonstrated in three sociology texts: Riding The Bull at Gilleys by Scully and Marolla, Selling Crack by Anderson, and Fraternities and Rape on Campus by Martin and Hummer. The paper shows that these articles name hegemonic masculinity as one of the main culprits to the social problem they address. Many offenders believe that they have the right, because they are men, to discipline and punish women. Rape is used to put women in their place. Thus the men prove their manhood. The most disturbing scenario involves the idea of an added bonus. The men in these situations were burglarizing a residence and figured why not rape the homeowner, after realizing they were in control of the situation. We will write a custom essay sample on Hegemonic Masculinity in Sociology Text or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The last type of rape was that of sexual access. When a woman was unwilling or unavailable, the rapist is able to seize what is not offered, rape of conquest. Many of these rapes involve white victims and black perpetrators. Overall, most of the rapists suggest that they believe their victims deserved being raped or were asking for it. Many also felt that they had not committed a crime at all. In the final analysis, it was found that dominance was the objective of most rapes. To dominate a subordinate group in order to prove his masculinity, a man is engaging in a show of hegemonic masculinity.

Light Essays - Light In August, Modernist Literature,

Light In August By Faulkner In the novel, A Light in August, William Faulkner introduces us to a wide range of characters of various backgrounds and personalities. Common to all of them is the fact that each is type cast into a certain role in the novel and in society. Lena is the poor, white trash southern girl who serves to weave the story together. Hightower is the fanatic preacher who is the dark, shameful secret of Jefferson. Joanna Burden is the middle-aged maiden from the north who is often accused of being a nigger-lover. And Joe Christmas is the epitome of an outsider. None of them are conventional, everyday people. They are all in some way disjointed from society; they do not fit in with the crowd. That is what makes them intriguing and that is why Faulkner documents their story. Percy Grimm is another such character and he plays a vital role in the novel. He is the one to finally terminate Joe Christmas, who has been suffering his entire life. Grimm is the enforcer, the one man who will uphold American pride at all costs. He also stands for everything in the world that has held Christmas back. He is the prototype of the ruthless enemy who is the source of all of Christmas struggles. And Christmas can never escape him. He can run, as he has been doing all his life and as he does in his desperate attempt to escape. But he can never hide, as he tries to do at Hightowers and as he has been hiding his true self from the world he hates so much. Percy Grimm represents the unmerciful society that has restrained and persecuted Joe Christmas; it is only fitting that he should be the one to finally bring him down in the end. Percy Grimm was born into the American south and grew up to be a symbol and backbone of the environment he was raised in. His only regret in life is being born too late. He feels that his sole purpose in life would be to fight in World War I and defend the country to which he is completely and utterly devoted. But the war happened to occur in the time period where he should have been a man instead of a child (Faulkner, p.450). So when he grows to be a man, he joins the National Guard, which is the closest thing to an army he can find. But instead of protecting the country from foreign enemies, his job with the National Guard entails protecting the country from certain things within itself. Joe Christmas and the situation he has created is a direct threat to Percy Grimm and the establishment he represents. Although Grimms primary objective is to protect Christmas from hostile crowds, Grimm is imprinted with a sort of primitive and instinctive hatred for who Joe Christmas is, what he is, and what he has done. Grimm sees him as a dangerous, unknown and more importantly nigger-blooded criminal. He had the nerve to violate and savagely murder a white woman who happened to be part of Grimms specifically drawn definition of American. He has adopted, adheres to, and enforces the belief that the white race is superior to any and all other races and that the American is superior to all other white races and that the American uniform is superior to all men, and that all that would ever be required of him in payment for this belief, this privilege, would be his own life (Faulkner, p.451). Percy Grimm is a tough, humorless, and forceful individual who commands the respect of others. He is always on some sort of mission involving the preservation of order and he is determined to use all of his resources to accomplish his goal. Grimm is referred to by Faulkner as the Player. His main purpose in the novel is to play the part of the executioner. Christmas does not stand much of a chance. Joe Christmas has always been hampered by a society that shuns him, alienates him, disgraces him and chases him away. Percy Grimm is the human representation of this society. The climactic chase scene between Grimm and Christmas is symbolic of how Christmas has been running from people and places all his life. He was on the road all the time and was never able to settle down in one place for a significant time period. Society never accepted his heritage and personality and so he was always running away from

Free Essays on Creative Writing

The article â€Å"Democrats toil against Bush† comes from the June 18 Chicago Tribune. The article talks about how the Democrats can not keep up with President Bush, in terms of fund raising. Due to Bush’s large fund raising campaign, some Democrats have started to criticize Bush, claiming that they are protecting the average Americans. While the Democrats announced plans to reduce middle-class taxes and cut the nation’s poverty rate. The Democrats are not getting much attention due some of the new fundraising limits that Bush has been taking advantage of. What the Democrats have collected in months, Bush has collected it in an hour and Democrats are saying that it is very difficult to keep up with the muscle of the White House. The rest of the article talks about the some of the proposals given by the Democrats. Senator John Edwards of North Carolina says that Bush has cut the taxes on stock dividends but most Americans receive no benefit from those types of tax reductions. Instead the senator proposed a plan were the government would match retirement plans for people who earn less than $50,000, the plan also would give first time house buyers a tax credit of up to $5,000. I personally do not like Bush and form reading the article I found out that most of his tax cuts are worthless. I think that senator Edwards has a good plan. Giving tax cuts to the middle class would be the best way to help the people and stop giving the wealthy a break with taxes. I think that what senator Edwards said about Bush valuing and honoring wealth more than work is very true. Overall I think that with Bush raising so much money so fast that it will be very hard for the Democrats to keep up with him and it will almost put them and their views in the dark.... Free Essays on Creative Writing Free Essays on Creative Writing The article â€Å"Democrats toil against Bush† comes from the June 18 Chicago Tribune. The article talks about how the Democrats can not keep up with President Bush, in terms of fund raising. Due to Bush’s large fund raising campaign, some Democrats have started to criticize Bush, claiming that they are protecting the average Americans. While the Democrats announced plans to reduce middle-class taxes and cut the nation’s poverty rate. The Democrats are not getting much attention due some of the new fundraising limits that Bush has been taking advantage of. What the Democrats have collected in months, Bush has collected it in an hour and Democrats are saying that it is very difficult to keep up with the muscle of the White House. The rest of the article talks about the some of the proposals given by the Democrats. Senator John Edwards of North Carolina says that Bush has cut the taxes on stock dividends but most Americans receive no benefit from those types of tax reductions. Instead the senator proposed a plan were the government would match retirement plans for people who earn less than $50,000, the plan also would give first time house buyers a tax credit of up to $5,000. I personally do not like Bush and form reading the article I found out that most of his tax cuts are worthless. I think that senator Edwards has a good plan. Giving tax cuts to the middle class would be the best way to help the people and stop giving the wealthy a break with taxes. I think that what senator Edwards said about Bush valuing and honoring wealth more than work is very true. Overall I think that with Bush raising so much money so fast that it will be very hard for the Democrats to keep up with him and it will almost put them and their views in the dark....

Destination Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Destination Management - Essay Example The London underground is identified as the oldest underground railway existing throughout the world. London can be said to be in the consolidation of destination development. As mentioned it is rich in both natural and artificial attraction's sites. Besides that it has vigorous tourism advertisements and promotion activities that are part of destination management efforts. For instance, visitlondon.com outlines the lined-up activities' events within London that appeals to people around the world. Visitors continued to flock to London, and it is said to attract 27 million visitors who stay overnight annually (Beesley-De, 2013). 2. Approach to destination management Basically, destination management involves three main phases, including development planning, marketing and management. Development planning involves assessing the potential of the destination, consultation and investment. Marketing involves research, target market, mix and planning, and visits and yield. Management involv es protecting resources, quality assurance and sustainable growth. Achieving these means competitive tourism to a destination. However, it must be underscored that destinations are dynamic and always evolving (Swrabook, 1999). This means that London is a continuously evolving destination that will have something new or rebrand itself to appeal to as many visitors as possible. As indicated above London boasts of some of the most visited tourism sites around the world. Besides it has the necessary facilities and amenities that support tourism. However, this success and sustainability of the same can only be achieved through consolidated efforts. There is a team responsible for development planning, marketing and management of London as a destination of tourism. This team comprises of appointees from the government of London and stakeholders in the tourism sector. This team is charged with identify what London can offer both naturally and artificially. The work of this team can be easi ly seen from the official visitor's guide identified as visitlondon.com. Here a visitor can discover London, know things to do, where they can stay, travel information and special offers. This makes London one of the most organized tourism destinations that receives a high number of visitors in Europe and worldwide. 3. System of governance London is home for two levels of government the local and national government. However, it is the local government that is responsible for administration. The local government administration is divided into two tiers-a local tier and a citywide, strategic tier. The great London Authority (GLA) coordinated the citywide administration whereas 33 smaller authorities coordinate local administration. The GLA is made up of two elected arms of government the Mayor, who occupies an executive office and London assembly check mayor’s decisions and can reject or accept the mayor’s proposals annually (Beesley-De, 2013). The command market system operates in London. The government owns and operates a significant portion of the factors of production. Infrastructure, including roads, airports, seaports and the underground railway system are owned and controlled by the government. At the same time, major tourism attraction sites as identified above are

Multi-Culture Britain Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Multi-Culture Britain - Essay Example 144). Therefore, Great Britain is a major destination for immigrants and it is referred to as Multi-Culture Britain today. China has been a major contributor to immigration in Great Britain and it is essential to investigate more about Chinese immigrants in Britain - how the Chinese started their immigration to Britain, what is the current situation of these immigrants, what are the general problems concerning immigration and general racism towards Chinese people and specific problem likes culture shock and people trafficking, etc. There is an important group of British Chinese (otherwise called Chinese British), the oldest Chinese community in Western Europe, including British-born Chinese in Great Britain today and they are of Chinese lineage and were born in or have migrated to the Great Britain. The Chinese immigrants in Britain today, which has been more widespread and decentralized in comparison with most ethnic minorities in the UK, face several severe issues and this paper un dertakes an investigation on their history, their current situation, and their general problems relating to immigration and wide-ranging racism. Tracing the history of Chinese immigration to the Great Britain, it becomes lucid that the first settlement of Chinese people in the United Kingdom started in the early 19th century, though the first recorded history of a Chinese inBritainis that of the scholar Shen Fu Tsong who visited King James II's court in the 17th century and spent time cataloguing the Chinese collection in the Bodleian Library. The first Chinese settlers, who were originally seamen, naturally settled in the port cities of Liverpool and London, and the first Chinatown in Britain was set up in the Limehouse area in East London. "However, the largest wave of Chinese immigration consisted mainly of male agricultural workers from Hong Kong and took place during the 1950s and 1960s Despite restrictions in immigration from current and former British colonies beginning in 1962, significant Chinese migration to Britain has continued, largely by relatives of settled Chinese and those qualified for skilled jobs. Today, a significant proportion of British Chinese are second or third generation descendants of these immigrants." (Chinese Immigration). Most of the immigrants the 1950s and 1960s were employed in Chinese restaurants and laundries, though it is no more the case with recent British Chinese community. Several Chinatowns, where Chinese restaurants and businesses prevail, were also established in numerous British cities and they have become tourist attractions. Significantly, the most important Chinese immigration, characterized by the relaxed Chinese restrictions on emigration, started in the mid-1980s onwards and has continued until today. The present situation of the Chinese immigrants in UK raises serious concerns of national and international characteristics. Along with the general issues of immigrants in the Britain and the issues that arise from the multicultural background of the nation, the Chinese experience several specific issues which distinctive of their immigrant experience in the country. Thus, a major issue is caused by the difference in language and the ensuing isolation and depression are common to the Chinese immigrants in Britain. Though there have been several attempts of support and

Infrastructure system Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Infrastructure system - Article Example The importance of the development of infrastructure systems in Sweden can be understood through the principles applied on the state regarding the protection of the interests of population. In this context, in accordance with a report related with the aims/ characteristics of social strategy in Sweden 'social policy of Sweden is based on the assumption that all citizens regardless of the origin and the status of property should have equal access to education, health, cultural, etc. characteristic for Sweden is to finance health care and pensions from taxation, and additional social security' (Sweden, Social System, December 4, 2008). At a next level, the projects that have been already developed but also those which are pended and which are related with the infrastructure systems of Sweden - see also the studies/ reports presented throughout this study - prove that the improvement of infrastructure systems in Sweden is one of the priorities of the country's government. Existing infras tructure (as analyzed in the paper) can lead to the assumption that the relevant projects are carefully reviewed and closely monitored by their administrators ensuring the quality of work but also the limitation of time/ cost in accordance with the relevant contractual terms. 2. Infrastructure systems - characteristics and effects on economy Infrastructure systems can refer to a series of sectors, including roads, bridges, communications, energy, railway network and energy. All these sectors are important for the quality of life of population within a specific country. It is for this reason that all of these sectors are administered primarily by the state - firms operating in the private sector can also intervene in the development of relevant projects however their work will be based on a relevant contractual agreement with the governmental authorities. In other words, these systems cannot be administered by the private sector - if such a case occurs then a relevant agreement has to exist between the state and the firms involved. From a different point of view, it is noticed by Fox (2001) that 'infrastructure is best envisioned as services that come from a set of public works, not as physical facilities; infrastructure can expand rural economies by raising productivity levels, allowing expansion in the use of other reso urces, and attracting resources' (Fox, 2001, 103). It should be noticed that infrastructure systems are quite important for many aspects of human life - including social life, health and personal/ professional development. Indeed, the presence and activation of people within a society requires the existence of specific facilities that will guarantee the

Night in William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay examples

Night in William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream One of the recurring themes throughout Shakespeare’s A Midsummer Night’s Dream is the time of day during which the play’s major action takes place: night. This being the case, there are certain words that are directly linked to this theme that appear numerous times throughout the script. Four such words are â€Å"moon,† â€Å"moonlight,† â€Å"moonshine,† and â€Å"lunatic.† Each comes from a feminine root that serves to identify the women in the play as prizes to be won and controlled. It becomes clear when looking up the term â€Å"moon† in the Oxford English Dictionary that the word is associated with the feminine. â€Å"In poetry,† for instance, â€Å"the moon is often personified, always as female†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (1050). It is important to note that the play upsets traditional cultural customs in this regard, for â€Å"May was the time of female fertility over which the moon presided, but the play begins with an image of lunar age and sterility, a ‘dowager,’ a ‘cold fruitless moon’† (Paster and Howard, â€Å"Popular Festivals†¦Ã¢â‚¬  93). It is possible that Shakespeare applied such images intentionally to make it clear to his audience that the women in this play are not as free as the May Day festivities might make them out to be. The female fertility that is expressed freely in Shakespeare’s blend of May Day and Midsummer’s Eve is outside of the controlled realm of marriage. Instead of the un restrained women that both holidays celebrate, however, Shakespeare bookends the play with a woman tamed by a man. In the first scene, the moon is spoken of by Theseus and Hippolyta as a measurement of time when Theseus announces, â€Å"†¦four happy days bring in / Another moon: but, O, methinks, how slow / This old moon wanes! She linger... ...more. Works Cited Brown, Lesley, ed. The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary. 5th ed. Oxford: Clarendon, 1993. ""moon," "moonlight," "moonshine," and "lunatic"." Shakespeare Concordance. 23 Feb. 2006 . Paster, Gail Kern, and Skiles Howard. "Female Attachments and Family Ties." A Midsummer Night's Dream: Texts and Contexts. Ed. Gail Kern Paster, and Skiles Howard. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. 192-264. ---. "Popular Festivals and Court Celebrations." A Midsummer Night's Dream: Texts and Contexts. Ed. Gail Kern Paster, and Skiles Howard. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. 89-99. Shakespeare, William. "A Midsummer Night's Dream." A Midsummer Night's Dream: Texts and Contexts. Ed. Gail Kern Paster, and Skiles Howard. Boston and New York: Bedford/St. Martin's, 1999. 1-86. The Oxford English Dictionary. 2nd ed. 1989.

Learning Organization Essay

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY are proliferating as corporations seek to better themselves and gain an edge. Unfortunately, however, failed programs far outnumber successes, and improvement rates remain low. That’s because most companies have failed to grasp a basic truth. Before people and companies can improve, they first must learn. And to do this, they need to look beyond rhetoric and high philosophy and focus on the fundamentals. Three critical issues must be addressed before a company can truly become a learning organization, writes Harvard Business School professor David Garvin. First is the question of meaning: a well-grounded, easy-to-apply definition of a learning organization. Second comes management: clearer operational guidelines for practice. Finally, better tools for measurement can assess an organization’s rate and level of learning. Using these â€Å"three Ms† as a framework, Garvin defines learning organizations as skilled at five main activities: systematic problem solving, experimentation with new approaches, learning from past experience, learning from the best practices of others, and transferring knowledge quickly and efficiently throughout the organization. And since you can’t manage something if you can’t measure it, a complete learning audit is a must. That includes measuring cognitive and behavioral changes as well as tangible improvements in results. No learning organization is built overnight. Success comes from carefully cultivated attitudes, commitments, and management processes that accrue slowly and steadily. The first step is to foster an environment conducive to learning. Analog Devices, Chaparral Steel, Xerox, GE, and other companies provide enlightened examples. CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS  CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS are sprouting up all over as organizations strive to better themselves and gain an edge. The topic list is long and varied, and sometimes it seems as though a program a month is needed just to keep up. Unfortunately, failed programs far outnumber successes, and improvement rates remain distressingly low. Why? Because most companies have failed to grasp a basic truth. Continuous improvement requires a commitment to learning. How, after all, can an organization improve without first learning something new? Solving a problem, introducing a product, and reengineering a process all require seeing the world in a new light and acting accordingly. In the absence of learning, companies-and individuals -simply repeat old practices. Change remains cosmetic, and improvements are either fortuitous or short-lived. A few farsighted executives – Ray Stata of Analog Devices, Gordon Forward of Chaparral Steel, Paul Allaire of Xerox-have recognized the link between learning and continuous improvement and have begun to refocus their companies around it. Scholars too have jumped on the bandwagon, beating the drum for â€Å"learning organizations† and â€Å"knowledge-creating companies. † In rapidly changing businesses like semiconductors and consumer electronics, these ideas are fast taking hold. Yet despite the encouraging signs, the topic in large part remains murky, confused, and difficult to penetrate. Meaning, Management, and Measurement Scholars are partly to blame. Their discussions of learning organizations have often been reverential and utopian, filled with near mystical terminology. Paradise, they would have you believe, is just around the corner. Peter Senge, who popularized learning organizations in his book The Fifth Discipline, described them as places â€Å"where people continually expand their capacity to create the results they truly desire, where new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, where collective aspiration is set free, and where people are continually learning how to learn together. â€Å"‘ To achieve these ends, Senge suggested the use of five â€Å"component technologies†: systems thinking, personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, and team learning. In a similar spirit, Ikujiro Nonaka characterized knowledge-creating companies as places where â€Å"inventing new knowledge is not a specialized activity †¦ it is a way of behaving, indeed, a way of being, in which everyone is a knowledge worker. â€Å"‘ Nonaka suggested that companies use metaphors and organizational redundancy to focus thinking, encourage dialogue, and make tacit, instinctively understood ideas explicit. Sound idyllic? Absolutely. Desirable? Without question. But does it provide a framework for action? Hardly. The recommendations are far too abstract, and too many questions remain unanswered. How, for example, will managers know when their companies have become learning organizations? What concrete changes in behavior are required? What policies and programs must be in place? How do you get from here to there? Most discussions of learning organizations finesse these issues. Their focus is high philosophy and grand themes, sweeping metaphors rather than the gritty details of practice. Three critical issues are left unresolved; yet each is essential for effective implementation. First is the question of meaning. We need a plausible, well-grounded definition of learning organizations; it must be actionable and easy to apply. Second is the question of management. We need clearer guidelines for practice, filled with operational advice rather than high aspirations. And third is the question of measurement. We need better tools for assessing an organization’s rate and level of learning to ensure that gains have in fact been made. Once these â€Å"three Ms† are addressed, managers will have a firmer foundation for launching learning organizations. Without this groundwork, progress is unlikely, and for the simplest of reasons. For learning to become a meaningful corporate goal, it must first be understood. What Is a Learning Organization? Surprisingly, a clear definition of learning has proved to be elusive over the years. Organizational theorists have studied learning for a long time; the accompanying quotations suggest that there is still considerable disagreement (see â€Å"Definitions of Organizational Learning† on page 77). Most scholars view organizational learning as a process that unfolds over time and link it with knowledge acquisition and improved performance. But they differ on other important matters. Some, for example, believe that behavioral change is required. for learning; others insist that new ways of thinking are enough. Some cite information processing as the mechanism through which learning takes place; others propose-shared insights, organizational routines, even memo. And some think that organizational learning is common, while others believe that flawed, self-serving interpretations are the norm. How can we discern among this cacophony of voices yet build on earlier insights? As a first step, consider the following definition: A learning organization is an organization skilled at creating, acquiring and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights. This definition begins with a simple truth: new ideas are essential if learning is to take place. Sometimes they are created de novo, through flashes of insight or creativity; at other times they arrive from outside the organization or are communicated by knowledgeable insiders. Whatever their source, these ideas are the trigger for organizational improvement. But they cannot by themselves create a learning organization. Without accompanying changes in the way that work gets done, only the potential for improvement exists. This is a surprisingly stringent test for it rules out a number of obvious candidates for learning organizations. Many universities fail to qualify, as do many consulting firms. Even General Motors, despite its recent efforts to improve performance, is found wanting. All of these organizations have been effective at creating or acquiring new knowledge but notably less successful in applying that knowledge to their own activities. Total quality management, for example, is now taught at many business schools, yet the number using it to guide their own decision making is very small. Organizational consultants advise clients on social dynamics and small-group behavior but are notorious for their own infighting and factionalism. And GM, with a few exceptions (like Saturn and NUMMI), has had little success in revamping its manufacturing practices, even though its managers are experts on lean manufacturing, JIT production, and the requirements for improved quality of work life. Organizations that do pass the definitional test – Honda, Corning, and General Electric come quickly to mind – have, by contrast, become adept at translating new knowledge into new ways of behaving. These companies actively manage the learning process to ensure that it occurs by design rather than by chance. Distinctive policies and practices are responsible for their success; they form the building blocks of learning organizations. Building Blocks Learning organizations are skilled at five main activities: systematic problem solving, experimentation with new approaches, learning from their own experience and past history, learning from the experiences and best practices of others, and transferring knowledge quickly and efficiently throughout the organization. Each is accompanied by a distinctive mind-set, tool kit, and pattern of behavior. Many companies practice these activities to some degree. But few are consistently successful because they rely largely on happenstance and isolated examples. By creating systems and processes that support these activities and integrate them into the fabric of daily operations, companies can manage their learning more effectively. 1. Systematic problem solving. This first activity rests heavily on the philosophy and methods of the quality movement. Its underlying ideas, now widely accepted, include: †¢ Relying on the scientific method, rather than guesswork, for diagnosing problems (what Deming calls the â€Å"Plan, Do, Check, Act† cycle, and others refer to as â€Å"hypothesis-generating, hypothesistesting† techniques). †¢ Insisting on data, rather than assumptions, as background for decision making (what quality practitioners call â€Å"fact-based management†). †¢ Using simple statistical tools (histograms, Pareto charts, correlations, cause-and-effect diagrams) to organize data and draw inferences. Most training programs focus primarily on problem solving techniques, using exercises and practical examples. These tools are relatively straightforward and easily communicated; the necessary mind-set, however, is more difficult to establish. Accuracy and precision are essential for learning. Employees must therefore become more disciplined in their thinking and more attentive to details. They must continually ask, â€Å"How do we know that’s true? â€Å", recognizing that close enough is not good enough if real learning is to take place. They must push beyond obvious symptoms to assess underlying causes, often collecting evidence when conventional wisdom says it is unnecessary. Otherwise, the organization will remain a prisoner of â€Å"gut facts† and sloppy reasoning, and learning will be stifled. Xerox has mastered this approach on a companywide scale. In 1983, senior managers launched the company’s Leadership Through Quality initiative; since then, all employees have been trained in small-group activities and problem-solving techniques. Today a six-step process is used for virtually all decisions (see â€Å"Xerox’s Problem-Solving Process†). Employees are provided with tools in four areas: generating ideas and collecting information (brainstorming, interviewing, surveying); reaching consensus (list reduction, rating forms, weighted voting); analyzing and displaying data (cause-andeffect diagrams, force-field analysis); and planning actions (flow charts, Gantt charts). They then practice these-tools during training sessions that last several days. Training is presented in â€Å"family groups,† members of the same department or business-unit team, and the tools are applied to real problems facing the group. The result of this process has been a common vocabulary and a consistent, companywide approach to problem solving. Once employees have been trained, they are expected to use the techniques at all meetings, and no topic is off limits. When a high-level group was formed to review Xerox’s organizational structure and suggest alternatives, it employed the very same process and tools. 2. Experimentation. This activity involves the systematic searching for and testing of new knowledge. Using the scientific method is essential, and there are obvious parallels to systematic problem solving. But unlike problem solving, experimentation is usually motivated by opportunity and expanding horizons, not by current difficulties. It takes two main forms: ongoing programs and one-ofa-kind demonstration projects. Ongoing programs normally involve a continuing series of small experiments, designed to produce incremental gains in knowledge. They are the mainstay of most continuous improvement programs and are especially common on the shop floor. Corning, for example, experiments continually with diverse raw materials and new formulations to increase yields and provide better grades of glass. Allegheny Ludlum, a specialty steelmaker, regularly examines new rolling methods and improved technologies to raise productivity and reduce costs. Successful ongoing programs share several characteristics. First, they work hard to ensure a steady flow of new ideas, even if they must be imported from outside the organization. Chaparral Steel sends its first-line supervisors on sabbaticals around the globe, where they visit academic and industry leaders, develop an understanding of new Xerox’s Problem-Solving Process Step Questions to be Answered What do we want to change? Expansion/ Divergence Lots of problems for consideration Contraction/ Convergence One problem statement, one â€Å"desired state† agreed upon What’s Next to Go to the Next Step Identification of the gap â€Å"Desired state† described in observable terms Key causes documented and ranked 1. Identify and select problem 2. Analyse Problem What’s preventing us from reaching the â€Å"desired state†? How could we make the change? What’s the best way to do it? Lots of potential causes identified. Key causes identified and verified 3. Generate potential solutions 4. Select and plan the solution Lots of ideas on how to solve the problem Lots of criteria for evaluating potential solutions. Lots of ideas on how to implement and evaluate the selected solution Potential solutions clarified Criteria to use for evaluating solution agreed upon Implementation and evaluation plans agreed upon Implementation of agreed-on contingency plans (if necessary) Effectiveness of solution agreed upon Continuing problems (if any) identified Solution List. Plan for making and monitoring the change Measurement criteria to evaluate solution effectiveness 5. Implement the solution Are we following the plan? Solution in place 6. Evaluate the solution How well did it work? Verification that the problem is solved, or Agreement to address continuing problems work practices and technologies, then bring what they’ve learned back to the company and apply it to daily operations. Inlarge part as a result of these initiatives, Chaparral is one of the five lowest cost steel plants in the world. GE’s Impact Program originally sent manufacturing managers to Japan to study factory innovations, such as quality circles and kanban cards, and then apply them in their own organizations; today Europe is the destination, and productivity improvement practices the target. The program is one reason GE has recorded productivity gains averaging nearly 5% over the last four years. Successful ongoing programs also require an incentive system that favors risk taking. Employees must feel that the benefits of experimentation exceed the costs; otherwise, they will not participate. This creates a difficult challenge for managers, who are trapped between two perilous extremes. They must maintain accountability and control over experiments without stifling creativity by unduly penalizing employees for failures. Allegheny Ludlum has perfected this juggling act: it keeps expensive, high-impact experiments off the scorecard used to evaluate managers but requires prior approvals from four senior vice presidents. The result has been=a history of productivity improvements annually avenging 7% to 8%. Finally, ongoing programs need managers and employees who are trained in the skills required to perform and evaluate experiments. These skills are seldom intuitive and must usually be learned. They cover a broad sweep: statistical methods, like design of experiments, that efficiently compare a large number of alternatives; graphical techniques, like process analysis, that are essential for redesigning work flows; and creativity techniques, like storyboarding and role playing, that keep novel ideas flowing. The most effective training programs are tightly focused and feature a small set of techniques tailored to employees’ needs. Training in design of experiments, for example, is useful for manufacturing engineers, while creativity techniques are well suited to development groups. Demonstration projects are usually larger and more complex than ongoing experiments. They involve holistic, system wide changes, introduced at a single site, and are often undertaken with the goal of developing new organizational capabilities. Because these projects represent a sharp break from the past, they are usually designed from scratch, using a â€Å"clean slate† approach. General Foods’s Topeka plant, one of the first high commitment work systems in this country, was a pioneering demonstration project initiated to introduce the idea of self-managing teams and high levels of worker autonomy; a more recent example, designed to rethink small-car development, manufacturing, and sales, is GM’s Saturn Division. Demonstration projects share a number of distinctive characteristics: †¢ They are usually the first projects to embody principles and approaches that the organization hopes to adopt later on a larger scale. For this reason, they are more transitional efforts than endpoints and involve considerable â€Å"learning by doing. † Mid-course corrections are common. †¢ They implicitly establish policy guidelines and decision rules for later projects. Managers must therefore be sensitive to the precedents they are setting and must send strong signals if they expect to establish new norms. †¢ They often encounter severe tests of commitment from employees who wish to see whether the rules have, in fact, changed. †¢ They are normally developed by strong multifunctional teams reporting directly to senior management. (For projects targeting employee involvement or quality of work life, teams should be multilevel as well. ) †¢ They tend to have only limited impact on the rest of the organization if they are not accompanied by explicit strategies for transferring learning. All of these characteristics appeared in a demonstration project launched by Copeland Corporation, a highly successful compressor manufacturer, in the mid-1970s. Matt Diggs, then the new CEO, wanted to transform the company’s approach to manufacturing. Previously, Copeland had machined and assembled all products in a single facility: Costs were high, and quality was marginal. The problem, Diggs felt, was too much complexity. At’ the outset, Diggs assigned a small, multifunctional team the task of designing a â€Å"focused factory† dedicated to a narrow, newly developed product line. The team reported directly to Diggs and took three years to complete its work. Initially, the project budget was $10 million to $12 million; that figure was repeatedly revised as the team found, through experience and with Diggs’s prodding, that it could achieve dramatic improvements. The final investment, a total of $30 million, yielded unanticipated breakthroughs in reliability testing, automatic tool adjustment, and programmable control. All were achieved through learning by doing. The team set additional precedents during the plant’s start-up and early operations. To dramatize the importance of quality, for example, the quality manager was appointed second-in-command, a significant move upward. The same reporting relationship was used at all subsequent plants. In addition, Diggs urged the plant manager to ramp up slowly to full production and resist all efforts to proliferate products. These instructions were unusual at Copeland, where the marketing department normally ruled. Both directives were quickly tested; management held firm, and the implications were felt throughout the organization. Manufacturing’s stature improved, and the company as a whole recognized its competitive contribution. One observer commented, â€Å"Marketing had always run the company, so they couldn’t believe it. The change was visible at the highest levels, and it went down hard. † Once the first focused factory was running smoothly -it seized 25% of the market in two years and held its edge in reliability for over a decade-Copeland built four more factories in quick succession. Diggs assigned members of the initial project to each factory’s design team to ensure that early learnings were not lost; these people later rotated into operating assignments. Today focused factories remain the cornerstone of Copeland’s manufacturing strategy and a continuing source of its cost and quality advantages. Whether they are demonstration projects like Copeland’s or ongoing programs like Allegheny Ludlum’s, all forms of experimentation seek the same end: moving from superficial knowledge to deep understanding. At its simplest, the distinction is between knowing how things are done and knowing why they occur. Knowing how is partial knowledge; it is rooted in norms of behavior, standards of practice, and settings of equipment. Knowing why is more fundamental: it captures underlying causeand-effect relationships and accommodates exceptions, adaptations, and unforeseen events. The ability to control temperatures and pressures to align grains of silicon and form silicon steel is an example of knowing how; understanding the chemical and physical process that produces the alignment is knowing why. Further distinctions are possible, as the insert â€Å"Stages of Knowledge† suggests. Operating knowledge can be arrayed in a hierarchy, moving from limited understanding and the ability to make few distinctions to more complete understanding in which all contingencies are anticipated and controlled. In this context, experimentation and problem solving foster learning by pushing organizations up the hierarchy, from lower to higher stages of knowledge. 3. Learning from past experience. Companies must review their successes and failures, assess them systematically, and record the lessons in a form that employers find open and accessible. One expert has called t9is process the â€Å"Santayana Review,† citing the famous philosopher George Santayana, who coined the phrase â€Å"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. † Unfortunately, too many managers today are indifferent, even hostile, to the past, and by failing to reflect on it, they let valuable knowledge escape. A study of more than 150 new products concluded that â€Å"the knowledge gained from failures [is] often instrumental in achieving subsequent successes†¦. In the simplest terms, failure is the ultimate teacher. â€Å"‘ IBM’s 360 computer series, for example, one of the most popular and profitable ever built, was based on the technology of the failed Stretch computer that preceded it. In this case, as in many others, learning occurred by chance rather than by careful planning. A few companies, however, have established processes that require their managers to periodically think about the past and learn from their mistakes. Boeing did so immediately after its difficulties with the 737 and 747 plane programs. Both planes were introduced with much fanfare and also with serious problems. To ensure that the problems were not repeated, senior managers commissioned a high-level employee group, called Project Homework, to compare the development processes of the 737 and 747 with those of the 707 and 727, two of the company’s most profitable planes. The group was asked to develop a set of â€Å"lessons learned† that could be used on future projects. After working for three years, they produced hundreds of recommendations and an inch-thick booklet. Several members of the team were then transferred to the 757 and 767 start-ups, and guided by experience, they produced the most successful, error-free launches in Boeing’s history. Other companies have used a similar retrospective approach. Like Boeing, Xerox studied its product development process, examining three troubled products in an effort to understand why the company’s new business initiatives failed so often. Arthur D. Little, the consulting company, focused on its past successes. Senior management invited ADL consultants from around the world to a two-day â€Å"jamboree,† featuring booths and presentations documenting a wide range of the company’s most successful practices, publications, and techniques. British Petroleum went even further and established the post-project appraisal unit to review major investment projects, write up case studies, and derive lessons for planners that were then incorporated into revisions of the company’s planning guidelines. A five-person unit reported to the board of directors and reviewed six projects annually. The bulk of the time was spent in the field interviewing managers. ‘ This type of review is now conducted regularly at the project level. At the heart of this approach, one expert has observed, â€Å"is a mind-set that †¦ enables companies to recognize the value of productive failure as contrasted with unproductive success. A productive failure is one that leads to insight, understanding, and thus an addition to the commonly held wisdom of the organization. An unproductive success occurs when something goes well, but nobody knows how or why. â€Å"‘ IBM’s legendary founder, Thomas Watson, Sr. , apparently understood the distinction well. Company lore has it that a young manager; after losing $10 million in a risky venture was called into Watson’s office. The young man, thoroughly intimidated, began by saying, â€Å"I guess you want my resignation. † Watson replied, â€Å"You can’t be serious. We just spent $10 million educating you. † Fortunately, the learning process need not be so expensive. Case studies and post-project reviews like those of Xerox and British Petroleum can be performed with little cost other than managers’ time. Companies can also enlist the help of faculty and students at local colleges or universities; they bring fresh perspectives and view internships and case studies as opportunities to gain experience and increase their own learning. A few companies have established computerized data banks to speed up the learning process. At Paul Revere Life Insurance, management requires all problem-solving teams to complete short registration forms describing their proposed projects if they hope to qualify for the company’s award program. The company then enters the forms into its computer system and can immediately retrieve a listing of other groups of people who have worked or are working on the topic, along with a contact person. Relevant experience is then just a telephone call away. 4. Learning from others. Of course, not all learning comes from reflection and self-analysis. Sometimes the most powerful insights come from looking outside one’s immediate environment to gain a new perspective. Enlightened managers know that even companies in completely different businesses can be fertile sources of ideas and catalysts for creative thinking. At these organizations, enthusiastic borrowing is replacing the â€Å"not invented here† syndrome. Milliken calls the process SIS, for â€Å"Steal Ideas Shamelessly†; the broader term for it is benchmarking. According to one expert, â€Å"benchmarking is an ongoing investigation and learning experience that ensures that best industry practices are uncovered, analyzed, adopted, and implemented. † The greatest benefits come from studying practices, the way that work gets done, rather than results, and from involving line managers in the process. Almost anything can be benchmarked. Xerox, the concept’s creator, has applied it to billing, warehousing, and automated manufacturing. Milliken has been even more creative: in an inspired moment, it benchmarked Xerox’s approach to benchmarking. Unfortunately, there is still considerable confusion about the requirements for successful benchmarking. Benchmarking is not â€Å"industrial tourism,† a series of ad hoc visits to companies that have received favorable publicity or won quality awards. Rather, it is a disciplined process that begins with a thorough search to identify best-practice organizations, continues with careful study of one’s own practices and performance, progresses through systematic site visits and interview and concludes with an analysis of results, development of recommendations, and implementation. While timeconsuming, the process need not be terribly expensive AT&T’s Benchmarking Group estimates that a moderate-sized project takes four to six months and incurs out-of-pocket costs of $20,000 (when personnel costs ax included, the figure is three to four times higher). Bench marking is one way of gaining an outside perspective; another, equally fertile source of ideas is customers. Conversations with customers invariably stimulate learning; they are, after all, experts in what they do. Customers can provide up-to-date product information, competitive comparisons, insights into changing preferences, and immediate feedback about service and patt ern of use. And companies need these insights at all levels, from the executive suite to the shop floor. At Motorola, members of the Operating and Policy Committee, including the CEO, meet personally and on a regular basis with customers. At Worthington Steel, all machine operators make periodic, unescorted trips to customers’ factories to discuss their needs. Sometimes customers can’t articulate their needs or remember even the most recent problems they have had with a product or service. If that’s the case, managers must observe them in action. Xerox employs a number of anthropologists at its Palo Alto Research Center to observe users of new document products in their offices. Digital Equipment has developed an interactive process called â€Å"contextual inquiry† that is used by software engineers to observe users of new technologies as they go about their work. Milliken has created â€Å"first-delivery teams† that accompany the first shipment of all products; team members follow the product through the customer’s production process to see how it is used and then develop ideas for further improvement. Whatever the source of outside ideas, learning will only occur in a receptive environment. Managers can’t be defensive and must be open to criticism or bad news. This is a difficult challenge, but it is essential for success. Companies that approach customers assuming that â€Å"we must be right, they have to be wrong† or visit other organizations certain that â€Å"they can’t  teach us anything† seldom learn very much. Learning organizations, by contrast, cultivate the art of open, attentive listening. 5. Transferring knowledge. For learning to be more than a local affair, knowledge must spread quickly and efficiently throughout the organization. Ideas carry maximum impact when they are shared broadly rather than held in a few hands. A variety of mechanisms spur this process, including written, oral, and visual reports, site visits and tours, personnel rotation programs, education and training programs, and standardization programs. Each has distinctive strengths and weaknesses. Reports and tours are by far the most popular mediums. Reports serve many purposes: they summarize findings, provide checklists of dos and don’ts, and describe important processes and events. They cover a multitude of topics, from benchmarking studies to accounting conventions to newly discovered marketing techniques. Today written reports are often supplemented by videotapes, which offer greater immediacy and fidelity. Tours are an equally popular means of transferring knowledge, especially for large, multidivisional organizations with multiple sites.

How to Be a Good Leader - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 533 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? There are three main things that make a good leader. The first is that a leader must practice what he preaches. The second is that he has to look after and protect those around him. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How to Be a Good Leader" essay for you Create order The third is that he must be able to develop other good leaders. I will go into more detail about the qualities of a good leader and what my particular leadership style is. A good leader is excellent at practicing what he preaches. I love the quote that states, Your actions speak so loud that I cant hear what you are saying. The greatest leader of all time was Jesus Christ and he was the best at practicing what he preached. This goes back to the old proverb that says, Live by the sword, die by the sword. This is the same with leadership and how much a leader abides by what he says, As a good leader, how can you expect people do what you say, when you dont even do what you say? So, normally I am a man of my word and makes myself trusted by others. A good leader should be able to looks after those he wants to lead. He does this by always doing what he can to protect them from harm, criticism, or blame from other people. People want security, thats why they buy SUVs, put money in their 401k, and stay at the same dead end job for years. Its integrated into their nervous system that they want to feel secure. When I have a team of people that I am leading, it can be very powerful when they know that I am on their side, and that I will do whatever I can to make sure that I will protect them from harm of other outside forces. A big part of being a good leader is knowing how to take the blame when things go wrong, and how to give away credit when things go well. And I know that when things go bad or wrong, its my responsibility to take the blame, even if it was not only my fault. And when things go well, I will make sure that I give the credit to the deserving person who did the great work with me. Hence, making that person look very good. A good leader develops other good leaders. This can only be attained once a person has first become a good leader. How can you expect to develop other good leaders, if you are not one first? So I want to be a good mentor that can teach and coach them through their trials and tribulations as a young and developing leader, even though sometimes just being there to help them get back up after they have fallen is all I have to do. And I figure that one of the best ways that I can invest time, is by investing it in the relationships of others around myself. Generally speaking, I will practice what I preach, look after the others around myself, and invest time to develop other good leaders, I believe that I will be well on my way to making myself a good leader.